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Abstract
Radiomics, the high-throughput mining of quantitative image features from standard-of-care medical imaging that enables data to be extracted and applied within clinical-decision support systems to improve diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive accuracy, is gaining importance in cancer research. Radiomic analysis exploits sophisticated image analysis tools and the rapid development and validation of medical imaging data that uses image-based signatures for precision diagnosis and treatment, providing a powerful tool in modern medicine. Herein, we describe the process of radiomics, its pitfalls, challenges, opportunities, and its capacity to improve clinical decision making, emphasizing the utility for patients with cancer. Currently, the field of radiomics lacks standardized evaluation of both the scientific integrity and the clinical relevance of the numerous published radiomics investigations resulting from the rapid growth of this area. Rigorous evaluation criteria and reporting guidelines need to be established in order for radiomics to mature as a discipline. Herein, we provide guidance for investigations to meet this urgent need in the field of radiomics.

Author information

Lambin P1, Leijenaar RTH1, Deist TM1, Peerlings J1,2, de Jong EEC1, van Timmeren J1, Sanduleanu S1, Larue RTHM1, Even AJG1, Jochems A1, van Wijk Y1, Woodruff H1, van Soest J3, Lustberg T3, Roelofs E1,3, van Elmpt W3, Dekker A3, Mottaghy FM2,4, Wildberger JE2, Walsh S1.
1 The D-Lab: Decision Support for Precision Medicine, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
2 Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Doctor Tanslaan 12, 6229 ET, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
3 Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Doctor Tanslaan 12, 6229 ET, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
4 Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.